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Correspondence to Author: Agu Charles M¹, Yibala Ibor Oboma^{2 *}, Beredugo, Sylvanus³. 

1. Histopathology Unit, Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences. Niger Delta University Wilberforce Island, Bayelsa State, Nigeria. PMB 71, Yenagoa Bayelsa State.
2. Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine and Allied Health Sciences Mwanza University Mbugani Street, Kishili Ward, P.O.BOX 3068 Mwanza Tanzania.
3. Histopathology Unit, Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Niger Delta University, Wilberforce Island, Bayelsa State, Nigeria. PMB 71, Yenagoa Bayelsa State.

DOI: 10.52338/tejoc.2025.4458

Abstract:

Breast cancer is a type of cancer with heterogeneous biology and is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality in women worldwide. This study aimed to establish breast cancer dynamics among breast cancer patients attending Niger Delta University Teaching Hospital Okolobiri. Archived Formalin fixed paraffin embedded breast tissues were retrieved and studied using hematoxylin and eosin staining, immunohistochemistry, and molecular methods. Genotype analysis of the P1K3Ca –rs2699887 SNP (single nucleotide polymorphism) was performed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and direct sequencing using a Big-Dye Terminator kit on a 3510ABI sequencer. Avidin biotin method was used for immunohistochemistry. Of 187 breast tumor samples received, 37.9% were malignant tumors and 62.1% benign tumors. Fibroadenoma was the most common form of benign tumor (54.3%). The prevalence of triple-negative, Her2+, estrogen receptor (ER)+, progesterone receptor (PR)+, ER+/PR+, and ER+/PR+ breast cancers were 37.6%. 13.0%, 50.0%, 31.0%, 31.0%, and 19.0%, respectively. The prevalence of triple-negative breast cancer is high in the present study, suggesting aggressiveness and low Her2+. In the present study, 88% of the breast cancer expression was as dominant homozygous (GG), 12% were heterozygous (GA), and 0% expression for recessive homozygous (AA). Individuals harboring GG/GA were prone to triple-negative breast cancer risk across age groups in the present study, indicating aggressive tumors. A relationship exists between P1K3Ca rs2699887 and triple-negative breast cancer. The effect of the GG/GA allele on disease risk was observed and linked to tumor aggressiveness.

Citation:

Agu Charles M, The Dynamics Of Breast Cancer Among Patients Attending A Teaching Hospital In Nigeria. The European Journal of Cancer 2025.