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Correspondence to Author: Ali Falah Hassan¹ , Aya Ali Alwan² , Ahmed Dheyaa Neamah Al Agele³. 

1. Oral and maxillofacial surgery, Oral Surgery department, College of Dentistry, Babylon University. Email: dralifalah@uobabylon.edu.iq.
2. Operative Dentistry Department, College of Dentistry, Babylon University. Email: Ayalzalimy@gmail.com,
3. Oral Histology, Oral Surgery department, College of Dentistry, Babylon University. Email: ahm4dent@gmail.com

DOI: 10.52338/jodor.2025.5127

Abstract:

The anatomical relationship between the maxillary roots and maxillary sinus is a critical consideration in dental practice owing to its implications for diagnosis, treatment planning, and surgical interventions. This review explored the developmental, anatomical, and clinical aspects of this relationship, emphasizing its impact on oral health and associated pathologies. The maxillary sinus, the largest of the paranasal sinuses, develops during the third month of fetal life and continues to expand until early adulthood. Its growth occurs concurrently with the eruption of maxillary teeth, resulting in varying degrees of proximity between the sinus floor and apices of the posterior teeth. In many cases, the roots of the premolars and molars lie in proximity to or even penetrate the sinus cavity, separated only by the Schneiderian membrane and a thin cortical plate. These anatomical variations increase the risk of complications, such as oroantral communication, sinus membrane perforation, and odontogenic sinusitis, during dental procedures, including extraction, root canal treatment, and implant placement. Furthermore, periapical infections, root resorption, and alveolar bone loss can compromise the sinus integrity, leading to pathological conditions. Advanced imaging modalities, particularly cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT), have enhanced the accuracy of assessing root–sinus proximity, thereby improving surgical safety and reducing postoperative complications. The review also highlights classifications of root–sinus relationships, radiographic evaluation methods, and surgical considerations, such as sinus lift procedures and their potential complications. Understanding the anatomical variability of the maxillary sinus in relation to the tooth roots is crucial for minimizing iatrogenic risks, optimizing treatment outcomes, and informing future research. Further longitudinal studies and technological advancements in imaging are recommended to refine the clinical protocols and improve patient safety in procedures involving the posterior maxilla

Keywords: maxillary sinus, maxillary root.

Citation:

Dr. Ali Falah Hassan, The Relationship Between Maxillary Roots And The Maxillary Sinus. Journal of Dentistry and Oral Research 2025.