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How to Anonymise Your Manuscript for Double-Blind Review — and the Leaks We Do Not Close for You

DE By Directive Editorial Team, Directive Publications ·9 Sep 2026 ·7 min read
How to Anonymise Your Manuscript for Double-Blind Review — and the Leaks We Do Not Close for You

You have deleted the author block from page one, saved the file as manuscript_final.docx, and you are about to attach it to an email. Before you do, open File > Info in Word on Windows, or File > Properties on a Mac.

The Author field almost certainly still says your name. Word wrote it there the day the document was created, and nothing you did to the visible text changed it. That is an ordinary way a double-blind submission stops being blind — a field nobody thinks to look at.

Our policies tell you to submit an anonymised manuscript, and then stop

The requirement is on our Peer Review page: our journals operate a double-blind model, and authors should anonymise their manuscript files accordingly. Author Guidelines tells you how to prepare and submit. What neither page contains is a procedure.

Blinding is a word-processing task, not a scholarly one, and nothing in your training covers it. What follows is the missing procedure. It is not policy.

What the editorial office actually checks before your manuscript reaches a reviewer

Our peer review page states what happens first: the editorial office checks the submission for completeness, scope, and adherence to ethical and formatting requirements. That is what the page commits to.

That is a completeness and formatting screen, not a de-anonymisation audit. Nobody opens your document properties, and nobody reads the manuscript hunting for identifiers. A visible problem may be returned to you for correction, but the screen is not designed to find one.

Similarity screening does not help either: it compares text against text, not identity. A manuscript can be wholly original and still name your hospital in the Methods — see how similarity screening works.

What we do not do: strip your metadata, rewrite your sentences, or anonymise the hospital in your ethics approval

We do not clean your files. No one runs Document Inspector for you, edits your PDF properties, or renames your file.

We do not rewrite identifying sentences. If your discussion says "in our previous trial at the Royal Infirmary", it stays as written.

We do not anonymise your ethics or registration statements. Those name a real committee and a real registry record, which is what makes them verifiable.

Split the submission into two files before you edit anything else

File one — the title page. Full title, author names in the agreed order, affiliations, ORCID iDs, corresponding author contact details, funding and grant numbers, competing interests, acknowledgements and author contributions.

File two — the blinded manuscript. Title, abstract, keywords, full text, references, tables, figure legends and supplementary material. No names, no affiliations, no acknowledgements, no grant numbers, no letterhead anywhere.

With two files you never choose between blinding a declaration and losing it. The corresponding author owns the split: see what the corresponding author is responsible for.

Strip the document properties: the exact click paths in Word, LibreOffice and Acrobat

Word: run Document Inspector after your final save

On Windows: File > Info > Check for Issues > Inspect Document. Tick Document Properties and Personal Information, run Inspect, then Remove All. Word for Mac has no Document Inspector — tick Remove personal information from this file on save under Word > Preferences > Security (Security & Privacy in current versions), then check File > Properties by hand. Do this after your final edit — Word rewrites Last Modified By on every save.

LibreOffice Writer: reset the properties, then clear the stored user data

Clear Tools > Options > LibreOffice > User Data first, then untick Apply user data in File > Properties > General and use Reset Properties on that same tab. The order matters: Reset Properties re-stamps the document with whatever name User Data still holds.

PDF: the Author field is inherited from the source file

Exporting sanitises nothing. In Acrobat — the paid application, not the free Reader — check File > Properties > Description and correct the Author field; Remove Hidden Information, an Acrobat Pro feature, goes further.

These tools reduce your exposure. No step here proves a file is clean or guarantees anonymity.

Tracked changes, comments and field codes carry your name after you have deleted it from the page

Revision marks store authorship per edit. Turning off Track Changes only stops new edits being recorded, and switching the review display to No Markup only hides what is already there — neither deletes the record. Accept or reject everything, delete every comment, then run the inspector.

Reference-manager field codes are the same problem: they embed library or account identifiers and a travelling copy of your reference records. In EndNote use Convert to Plain Text; in Zotero, Unlink Citations. Neither conversion can be reversed in the file that ends up without fields, so keep a copy with the fields intact — Zotero changes the open document, EndNote produces a new unsaved one.

A filename like Smith_KCL_trial_v7_final.docx defeats every other step.

Cite your own prior work in the third person without pretending the work does not exist

Deleting self-citations misleads reviewers about what is already established. Our guidelines prescribe no redaction convention — there is no instruction to write [Reference removed for blind review] — so third-person phrasing, with the reference kept in the list, is the safer choice.

Before: As we showed in our earlier cohort study (Author et al., 2022), the effect persists at 12 months.

After: An earlier cohort study reported that the effect persists at 12 months (Author et al., 2022).

Before: This paper extends our group's previously published protocol, used at our centre since 2019.

After: This paper extends a previously published protocol (Author et al., 2019) in use at a single tertiary centre since 2019.

The reference list is not the leak. A sentence that says "our group" in the Methods is.

Three leaks you cannot close — the ethics committee, the registry entry and the single-centre cohort

Some identifiers have to stay: removing them removes the reader's ability to verify the work.

IdentifierWhy it has to stayWhat to do
Named ethics committee or IRB approvalVerifiable only if the committee and its reference number are namedKeep it. Note in the cover letter that it identifies your institution
Trial registry numberThe ICMJE requires registration in a public registry before the first participant is enrolled, and the registry record itself is publicKeep it. Note that the entry names the sponsor and the site
Data or code repository linkRepository pages carry author namesKeep the link; use an anonymised review link where supported

A fourth case no procedure fixes: a single-centre cohort in a narrow specialty can identify the group by subject matter alone. Identities are withheld under a stated policy, not enforced by software, and reviewers are not prevented from searching. Say so in the cover letter: see suggesting reviewers and how to write a cover letter to the editor.

Run the twelve-point checklist in the ten minutes before you send the file, not after it is returned to you

Run it on the final file. The last column is the honest one.

#The leakWhat closes itChecked by the office?
1Names, affiliations, ORCID iDs, funding and competing interests inside the manuscriptMove to a separate title page fileOnly that both files are present
2Names, initials or letterhead in the body, headers or footersDelete from the text and from every header and footerMay be noticed and returned
3Acknowledgements naming colleagues, a department or a unitMove the section to the title page fileNot checked; may be noticed on the page
4Grant and funding identifiers that map to an institutionMove to the title page file with the funder namesNot checked; may be noticed on the page
5Word document properties still holding your nameWindows: File > Info > Check for Issues > Inspect Document > Document Properties and Personal Information > Remove All. Mac: Word > Preferences > Security, tick Remove personal information from this file on saveNo — not checked
6LibreOffice properties and stored user dataClear Tools > Options > LibreOffice > User Data, untick Apply user data, then Reset Properties in File > Properties > GeneralNo — not checked
7PDF properties inherited from the source fileAcrobat, not the free Reader: File > Properties > Description; correct the Author fieldNo — not checked
8Tracked changes and comments, which store authorship per editAccept or reject all changes, delete all comments, re-inspectNot checked; visible markup may be noticed
9Reference-manager field codes, which embed library or account identifiers and a travelling copy of your reference recordsEndNote: Convert to Plain Text. Zotero: Unlink Citations. Keep a copy that still has the fieldsNo — not checked
10A filename containing a surname, institution or drive pathRename to something neutral before attachingNo — not checked
11Figures and supplementary files carrying institutional watermarks, patient-record headers, scale bars stamped with a department name, or an ORCID or email inside an imageOpen every image at full size, re-export without the stamp, and strip the image file's own metadata — EXIF and equivalent fields can hold a camera or scanner identifier, an account name, or a device or institution nameNo — not checked
12Self-citations written in the first personRephrase in the third person, keeping the referenceNot checked; may be noticed on the page

Ten minutes, once. The alternative is finding out from a reviewer.

The requirement and the screen that follows it both sit on Peer Review; preparation and submission are under Author Guidelines. See also writing a cover letter to the editor, how similarity screening works, and the corresponding author's responsibilities.

Frequently Asked Questions

If I forget to remove my name, will my manuscript be rejected outright?
Blinding is a file-preparation problem, not a scientific one, and there is no policy that a manuscript is rejected for it. Where the office notices an identifier on the page during its completeness and formatting check, the submission may be returned to you for correction before it goes further. Be aware that the check is not designed to find identifiers, so a leak can also survive it and simply reach a reviewer. What happens then is a judgement for the handling editor.
Does my cover letter have to be anonymised as well as the manuscript?
No. The cover letter is addressed to the editor, so name yourself, your co-authors and your institution in it as normal. Keep the anonymisation work in the manuscript file, which is the file prepared for reviewers. The cover letter is also the right place to flag identifiers you cannot remove, such as a named ethics committee or a trial registry number.
How do I cite my own unpublished or in-press work in a blinded manuscript?
Refer to it in the third person and give the full reference, exactly as you would cite anyone else's in-press paper. If the work is not yet public and naming it would identify you, describe it neutrally in the text and tell the editor in the cover letter what you have withheld and why. Our guidelines do not prescribe a redaction convention, so do not assume a placeholder such as [Reference removed for blind review] is expected; if you use one, explain it in the cover letter.
If I upload a PDF instead of a Word file, do I still need to check the document properties?
Yes. Exporting to PDF does not sanitise anything, and the Author field is inherited from the source document, so a PDF made from an uncleaned file carries the same name. Clean the source file first, then check the PDF itself under File > Properties > Description in Acrobat — the paid application, since the free Reader displays those fields but will not let you edit them. Acrobat Pro's Remove Hidden Information tool goes further, but no tool proves a file is clean.
DE
Directive Editorial Team
Directive Publications

The editorial team at Directive Publications — an international open-access publisher of peer-reviewed medical and scientific journals.

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