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Correspondence to Author: Sahar Ismael¹, Ahmed Abd-Alal². 

1. Conservation Department, Faculty of Archaeology, Fayoum University, Egypt.
2. Conservation Department, Faculty of Fine Arts, Minia University, Minia, Egypt.

DOI: 10.52338/jrmr.2025.4636

Abstract:

The forgery of historical books is a problem. This study aimed to reduce forgery using scientific, easy, and fast methods. Different techniques were used such as scanning electron microscope (SEM) with EDX unit, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). Old paper of Reffa’s Book was studied to achieve its authenticity compared with book printed dates is correct (Ibn Battuta) and new accelerated aging paper. The results by SEM showed that Refaa’s book resembled the other book both fibers are from cotton. FTIR analysis results determined alkane and carbonyl groups, which appeared in the old paper and not appear in accelerated aging paper. In addition, there was a presence of gelatin groups due to the past manufacturing techniques. XRD analysis results showed a decrease in the degree of crystallinity and crystal size.

Keywords:Authenticity; SEM, Accelerated Ageing Paper; FTIR; XRD.

Citation:

Dr. Sahar Ismael, Using Analyses Of Scanning Electron Microscope With EDX Unit, Infrared, And X-Ray Diffraction For Proves Authenticity Printed Book. Journal of Applied Sciences 2025.