Water Purification Through Moringa Oleifera Lam

Journal of Environmental And Sciences Water Purification Through Moringa Oleifera Lam. *Corresponding Author: Dr. Pooja Omprakash Pandey, Associate professor Post graduate department of Botany, Moolji Jaitha (Autonomous) college, Jalgaon, Maharashtra, India 425001. Phone No: + 91 9881493498, Email: [email protected]. Received: 19-Apr-2025, Manuscript No. JOES-4766 ; Editor Assigned: 20-Apr-2025 ; Reviewed: 27-May-2025, QC No. JOES-4766 ; Published: 26-Jun-2025, DOI: 10.52338/joes.2025.4766 Citation: Dr. Pooja Omprakash Pandey, Water Purification Through Moringa Oleifera Lam. Journal of Environmental And Sciences. 2025 June; 11(1). doi: 10.52338/joes.2025.4766. Copyright © 2025 Dr. Pooja Omprakash Pandey, This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. ISSN 2836-2551 Research Article Pandey Pooja O.* Deshattiwar, Maroti K., Patel Dhara J. and Bhoi Jyoti B. Department of Botany, M.J. College, Jalgaon. www.directivepublications.org Abstract Water is used for variety of purposes like drinking, washing, bathing etc. Reports of WHO (World Health Organization) says that about one million people lack safe drinking water and many people die every year from water borne diseases. To deal with this situation water purification is needed. There are various methods of water purification, however biological methods are most promising and eco -friendly. The present study deals with use of Moringa oleifera to purify water. Moringa oleifera is grown in many countries as a multi -purpose tree as it possesses medicinal and nutritional values. Dry Moringa seeds and seed powder were used for water purification. Water samples collected from different localities like water from Tube well and Well of four localities of Jalgaon city. These samples were tested for Total Hardness, Calcium Hardness, Magnesium Hardness, Acidity, Alkalanity, Acidity, TDS, TS, TSS, Chloride, Sulphate, Phosphate, pH, Temperature, etc. parameters before and after treatment. It is observed that Moringa oleifera Lam. seed is an effective purifier and coagulant to treat variety of water samples. Use of seed powder is more promising as compared to entire seeds of Moringa. Keywords : Moringa oleifera, Water purification, seed, seed powder, coagulant. INTRODUCTION Water supply is basic need required for living creature and human. In this world available resources are limited for living creatures. Groundwater is one of the major sources of drinking water. But it’s direct use for drinking is not suitable, for several reasons (Anekar N.R. 2017). Hence to make it suitable for drinking water treatment is essential. This study deals with water treatment using natural coagulant Moringa oleifera. Importance water is used for several purposes by humans such as, irrigation, cooking, washing, bathing, cleaning, drinking, also provides home to millions of creature, enables transportation. Regulates the temperature of Earth. Our body uses water in all its cells, organs and tissues to help regulate its bodily functions. Because our body loses water through breathing, sweating, digestion. It is important to rehydrate by drinking fluids and food containing water. Water is very important substance on earth. If there is no water there would be no life possible on earth. These are several causes of water pollution such as sewage and wastage water, dumping garbage into river and accidental oil leakage, burning of fossil fuels, chemicals, fertilizers and pesticides, global warming, radioactive waste, urban development, animal wastage, underground storage leakage. According to United Nations estimates, the amount of waste water produced annually is about 1500 Km3, 6 times more water than that exist in all the rivers of world.

Purification Though water pollution is a major problem but it can be overcome by various ways boiling, granular activated carbon adsorption, distillation, reverse osmosis, desalination, direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD), in situ chemical oxidation, and bioremediation. Of those bioremediation is cheapest and healthier method mostly followed. For this variety of biological things can be used such as cilantro, jackfruit, java plum, peel of fruits, banana peels, along with these Moringa Oleifera Lam. is easily available in each corner of world.

Directive Publications Dr. Pooja Omprakash Pandey Moringa Oleifera Lam It is a tree of polypetalae most widely cultivated species in genus Moringa, the only genus in plant family Moringaceae common name include, Moringa, Drumstic tree , Horse Radish, Ben oil Or Benzoil tree (oil derieved from seeds). Moringa oleifera is fast growing, drought resistant tree. Native to ‘tropical and sub-tropical’ region of South Asia. Widely cultivated for its young seeds and pods and leaves used as vegetables. Also used for water purification. M. oleifera is considered to be an aggressive invasive species. Water is used for several purposes by humans, but the level of purity of the water being consumed is very important since it has a direct effect on health. More than half of all illness caused by germs, which get into the mouth via water and food. Hence, purification of water is great need of time. This can be achieved through various ways. Chemical methods leads to purification by synthetic means however, use of biological methods are most convenient and eco-friendly. Hence these are more recommended. There are various ways by which waters is purified biologically. Such as use of Jack fruit seeds : Prapat Pentamwa, Wanwisa Tanta, Pornwarin Milamai (2011) have studied effect of Jackfruit seeds on water in their work entitled “Water Treatment by Using Lychee, Jackfruit, and Rambutan seed coagulants”.Muhammad Raziq Rahimi Kooh, Muhammad Khairud Dahri,Linda B.L. Lim (2016) also found effect of Jackfruit seed as sustainable adsorbent for the removal of Rhodamine B dye”.Use of Coriander (cilantro) : Research done by undergraduate students at a community college, Douglas Ph. D. Said that Cilantro, also known as coriander shows activity as a new “Biosorbent” for removing lead and other toxic heavy metals from contaminated water.(Phys. org, 2013)Use of Jatropa curcus seeds : “Preliminary study on Jatropa curcas as coagulant in waste water treatment” had been studied by Zurina Zainal Abidin, N. Ismail, Robiah Yunus, I.S. Ahamad (2011) Robert Natumanya have worked on “Evaluating coagulant activity of locally available Syzygium cumini, Artocarpus heterophyllus and Moringa oleifera for treatment of community drinking water, Uganda.” MATERIALS AND METHODS The study was conducted under a controlled environment in order to eliminate interference from human activities, rainfall and solar intensity.

Sample collection The water samples were collected from Jalgaon district of Maharashtra. The two samples of water are taken. One of well and other tubewell. The geographical condition of Jalgaon i.e. latitude is 20099”N and longitude is 75.56260E. Materials Dry Moringa oleifera seeds are used in this study. These seeds were harvested from the trees of residential area of Jalgaon, Maharashtra, India. Seeds of Moringa oleifera act as natural coagulants and biocoagulants. Wings and coat from seeds were removed, fine powder was prepared and sieved. Test-tube, measuring jar, cylinder, beakers, glass rod, lids, test-tube holder, durham tubes, morter & pastle are required. Procedure - Extraction of Moringa seed powder: mature seeds of Moringa oleifera were chosen from dry dehiscent pod. The outer covering of seed kernels were removed using a sharp knife, and using a laboratory mortar and pastle. The containers were cleaned thoroughly before taking the sample to avoid contamination. The initial volume of each sample was recorded at the collection point. The following parameters were determined: Temperature , PH , alkalinity , TDS , conductivity , oil grease , total hardness , calcium hardness , chloride hardness , phosphate , acidity. In this procedure crushed seed powder 7.5 grams were mixed with 250 ml water sample for 7 days. And also 15 grams seed powder were soaked in 250 ml water for 14 days. Stir quickly for 30 seconds, then slowly and regularly for Five minutes. Water is covered without disturbing it for at least an hour. After 7 days and 14 days the extraction were filtered using filter paper. And water samples are collected. Again the water is treated and all parameters are measured such as acidity, TDS, oil grease, temperature, total hardness, calcium hardness, pH, chloride hardness, phosphate, conductivity, etc. The results of treated water samples were compared with raw water sample along with WHO standards. Page - 2Open Access, Volume 11 , 2025

Dr. Pooja Omprakash Pandey Directive Publications OBSERVATIONS Table 1. Results Obtained Before Physio-Chemical Study Of Raw Water Sr. No. Parameters Units S1 S2 S3 S4 BIS Limits 1 Total Hardness Mg/l 320 290 330 460 300 2 Acidity Mg/l 110 180 120 160 120 3 Alkalinity Mg/l 90 230 390 390 200 4 Chloride Mg/l 290 420 370 410 250 5 Calcium Hardness Mg/l 100 180 150 200 200 6 PH 7.68 7.63 7.94 7.48 6.5 to 8.5 7 Temperature 0 c 33.3 33.8 33.5 33.4 8 Sulphate Mg/l 37.0 93.6 64.0 85.6 200 9 Phosphate Mg/l 9.6 35.4 15.3 35.6 5 10 MPN MPN/100ml 130 50 8 4 0/100ml 11 Magnesium Hardness Mg/l 220 110 180 260 100 12 Total Dissolved SolidsMg/l 460.4 415.1 317 410.2 500 13 Total Suspended SolidsMg/l 189.2 121.65 160.85 204.05 No Standard 14 Total Solids Mg/l 649.6 536.75 477.85 614.25 500 15 Turbidity NTU 7 6.8 10.2 15.4 5 16 Ca ion Mg/l 60.9 77.7 48.3 73.5 75 17 Mg ion Mg/l 31.60 21.88 14.59 19.54 50 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The results of the treated water samples were compared with raw water samples along with World Health Organization Standard. Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Conductivity, Temperature, and pH of raw and treated water samples were determined. Turbidity and Total suspended solids were also determined. According to Eilert (1978), the seeds of Moringa oleifera contains significant quantities of low molecular-weight water soluble protein which carries positive charge when the crushed seeds are added to the raw water, the proteins produce positive charges acting like magnets and attracting the predominantly negatively charged particles. Aho, I. M. (2014) in his study reported that the coagulative efficiency of using Moringa oleifera seed extract is almost 100%, when compared with alum which is commonly used in conventional water treatment. Our study is in accordance with them as in terms of availability, Moringa oleifera seed or seed powder extract is a better alternative as compared to alum coagulant because it’s high cost and non – biodegradability. Raw water treated with Moringa seeds for seven days have shown positive results as compared to water treated for fourteen days. In seven days treatment, total hardness, Calcium hardness, Ca ions, Mg ions have been reduced and these values have come to standard range of BIS (Bureau of Indian standard). While pH and Chloride have increased in all samples those treated for seven days and treated for fourteen days. If we compare these results sample wise then it is observed that sample number 3 which is sample of Tube well collected from residential area of Jalgaon city have shown positive results after treating with Moringa seeds and seed powder. The experimental study includes treatment of raw water with Moringa seeds and another set of treatment of raw water with Moringa seed powder. Both treatments had shown improvement in quality of water. However it is faster in water treated with seed powder which can be observed through values obtained from Table number 2 and 3. Thus from this, we can conclude that use of Moringa seed powder as a water purifier is more effective as compared to entire seeds. During this study two experimental sets were laid, one of seven days and another of 14 days. It has been observed that 7 days are quiet enough to purify water using Moringa seeds. Page - 3Open Access, Volume 11 , 2025

Dr. Pooja Omprakash Pandey Directive Publications Table 2. Results obtained after Physio-chemical Study of Treated water with Seed Powder 7 Days 14 Days Parameters S1 S2 S3 S4 S1 S2 S3 S4 Total Hardness 280.00 250.00 277.00 247.00270.00 309.00 351.00305.00 Acidity 10.00 30.00 10.00 20.00 40.00 30.00 10.00 20.00 Alkalanity 310.00 230.00 90.00 290.00620.00 230.00 210.00260.00 Chloride 180.00 360.00 150.00 230.00250.00 410.00 320.00460.00 Calcium Hardness 144.00 139.00 139.00 103.00150.00 148.00 168.00117.00 PH 7.87 8.55 7.42 7.70 6.80 6.96 6.83 6.30 Temperature 23.80 24.20 23.60 23.30 24.00 23.90 24.10 23.50 Sulphate 25.80 80.30 54.10 75.30 25.10 81.40 55.20 77.40 Phosphate 7.20 24.20 7.55 24.60 7.70 23.10 7.20 24.20 MPN 130.00 50.00 8.00 4.00 130.00 50.00 8.00 4.00 Magnesium Hardness 136.00 111.00 138.00 144.00120.00 161.00 183.00188.00 Total Dissolved Solids420.40 399.10 295.00 405.20421.20 293.04 368.02400.36 Total Suspended Solids160.20 100.65 120.85 196.05165.20 125.03 155.04164.00 Total Solids 580.60 499.75 415.85 601.25586.40 418.07 523.06564.36 Turbidity 9.70 8.90 9.50 17.30 10.30 10.10 10.90 18.40 Ca ion 63.20 56.30 37.10 70.10 52.20 64.02 33.30 69.70 Mg ion 21.64 15.60 7.60 8.43 26.02 9.10 10.80 11.50 Table 3. Results Obtained After Physio-Chemical Study Of Treated Water With Seeds 7 Days 14 Days Parameters S1 S2 S3 S4 S1 S2 S3 S4 Total Hardness 290 257 284 251 246 320 360 312 Acidity 30 20 40 20 30 40 20 30 Alkalanity 180 410 190 410 120 250 430 610 Chloride 310 450 850 350 360 280 140 320 Calcium Hardness 140 147 152 110 110 163 178 138 PH 8.28 8.30 8.05 7.96 6.89 8.36 6.82 7.62 Temperature 22.8 22.9 23.1 22.7 23.8 23.9 24.1 24.2 Sulphate 24.1 79.8 53.1 75.9 25.9 80.20 50.4 70.5 Phosphate 7.9 23.8 7.64 25.7 7.5 23.6 7.15 22.8 MPN 130 50 8 4 130 50 8 4 Magnesium Hardness 150 110 132 141 136 157 182 174 Total Dissolved Solids 428.69392.5 283.20428.21400.36 421.02256.08274.32 Total Suspended Solids 156.08104.96126.78209.34164 165.02155.01144.02 Total Solids 584.77497.46409.98637.55564.36 586.02411.09518.34 Turbidity 7.9 8.6 9.2 16.7 9.6 8.8 9.4 17.2 Ca ion 56.3 70.1 38.1 63.2 53.4 71.02 32.4 61.1 Mg ion 20.80 11.44 10.2 9.12 19.40 10.12 9.8 9.2 CONCLUSION From present experimental study following conclusions are drawn.Moringa oleifera Lam. seed is an effective purifier and coagulant to treat variety of water samples.Use of seed powder is more promising as compared to entire seeds of Moringa. The water can be purified effectively using seed powder or seed within one week only. Quantity of Moringa seed powder required to purify one litre of raw water is around 30 gms. Moringa oleifera Lam. Being medicinal plant not only work as Page - 4Open Access, Volume 11 , 2025

Dr. Pooja Omprakash Pandey Directive Publications water purifier but also add and improve quality of water as it posseses many phytochemicals that have wide scope in medicines. The present study deals with biological method of water purification thus it is eco-friendly. REFERENCES 1. Aho I. M. and Agunwamba J. C. (2014) “Use of water extract of Moringa Oleifera seeds (WEMOS) in raw treatment in Makurdi, Nigeria”(American journal of Engineering & Reasearch) vol-3, p.p.50-53. 2. Eilert, U. Antibiotic Principles of seeds of Moringa oleifera Lam, Indian Medical Journal 38, (235), 1013-1016. 3. Muhammad Raziq Rahimi Kooh, Muhammad Khairud Dahri, Linda B. L. Lim(2016) “Jack fruit seeds as sustainable adsorbent for the removal of Rhodamine B dye. 4. Prapat Pentamwa, Wanwisa Tanta, Pornwarin Milomai (2011) “Water treatment by using Lychee, Jackfruit and Rambutan seed coagulant seed coagulant” 5. Robert NATUMANYA and James OKOT-OKUMU (2015) “Evaluating coagulant activity of locally available Syzygium cumin, Artocarpous heterophyllus, and Moringa oleifera for treatment of community drinking water , Uganda. 6. Sushruta Samhita. 7th revised ed. Banaras: Chaukhamba Orientalia ;2002. 7. WHO :Water series. Geneva:AITBS publisher; 2002. 8. Zurina Zainal Abidin, N Ismail, Robiah Yunus, I.S.Ahmad (2011) “preliminary study on Jatropa curcus as coagulant in waste water treatment. Page - 5Open Access, Volume 11 , 2025

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