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Introduction
Directive Publications Dr Ali Mardi MD exposure assessments, and infant health outcomes are needed to clarify whether smartphone use during pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of infant GERD. CONCLUSION It is hypothesized that maternal exposure to electromagnetic fields associated with smartphone use during pregnancy could interfere with the development or postnatal dysfunction of the infant’s LES, thereby predisposing to GERD. Conflict of Interest: The authors declare no conflict of inter- est related to this study. Ethics declaration: not applicable. Funding: no REFERENCES 1. Feng, Y., Wei, W., Chen, L., & Liu, J.-F. (2023). The contribution of lysophosphatidic acid receptors in the response of human lower esophageal sphincter under the electrical field stimulation. BMC Gastroenterology, 23, Article 158. Page - 2Open Access, Volume 13 , 2025
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