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• Research Article
• Open Access
• Daniel Fernandes Rodrigues Barroso

Brazil is the world’s seventh largest cocoa producer. This study analyzes the dynamics and socio-economic and environmental relevance of cocoa farming in Mocajuba, using time series and econometric models. Vector error correction (VEC) and autoregressive (VAR) models were applied to assess the impacts of cocoa production.

• Research Article
• Open Access
• K H Razimul Karim

Tectona grandis plantations are generally managed for timber production and presently there is an increasing interest in understanding the carbon stocks of Teak plantations. The study was developed on carbon yield table for Teak in Rangamati, Bangladesh.

• Research Article
• Open Access
• Ramkumar Lodhi

Birds are highly conspicuous species of the environmental ecosystem. Birds can control the pest and uphold the diversity of other organisms also they are the effective bioindicators of physiochemical properties of water. Present study was carried out from July- 2023 to June-2024. To assess bird diversity, the point-count and line transect methods was used but opportunistic spotting was also included.

• Research Article
• Open Access
• Md.Shahariar Rahman Shams.

The construction and development sector in Bangladesh has witnessed rapid growth in recent years, driven by urbanization and economic progress. However, this progress comes at a significant environmental cost. The sector contributes to air and water pollution, biodiversity loss, increased carbon emissions, and the urban heat island effect.

• Research Article
• Open Access
• Adewale Yoade

This study examined the developers’ sources of awareness and indication of compliance with physical planning regulations in Southwestern Nigeria. Two types of data were obtained for the study. These are primary and secondary data. The primary data used for the study were generated from field survey through quantitative and qualitative techniques. Lagos and Osun States will be randomly selected from the two planning administration systems in South Western States.

• Research Article
• Open Access
• Esmail Mohseni

This study investigates the degradation and removal of Sunset Yellow from simulated wastewater using oxidation and adsorption methods. A composite of vermiculite/iron oxide was synthesized via the co-precipitation method and utilized to activate peroxymonosulfate (PMO) for the degradation and removal of Sunset Yellow.

• Research Article
• Open Access
• Kirankumar Rathod

This study explores the optimization of denitrification and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) removal in spouted bed reactors (SBRs) by modeling mass transfer and biofilm dynamics under aerobic conditions. The research examines the impact of varying Granular Activated Carbon (GAC) masses and flow rates on treatment efficiency.

• Research Article
• Open Access
• Angel Canales-Gutiérrez

The synthesis of nanoparticles using macrophyte biomass, such as Chara spp., a macroalga abundant in aquatic ecosystems, represents an innovative and sustainable approach in nanotechnology. Methods for nanoparticle synthesis include chemical and physical processes. The chemical method involves the reduction of metals using reducing agents in a controlled environment, while the physical method is based on the evaporation and condensation of the metal under specific conditions, allowing the formation of nanoparticles.

• Research Article
• Open Access
• Ali Behbahaninia

The approach to clean energy sources has been a severe issue for sustainable development. Power generation from Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) must increase for the growing power demand in the sustainable development. The small-scale gasification is combined with an engine to reform the waste to energy. In this paper, the analysis of operating parameters and emissions is presented. A syngas is used for the engine feedstock for evaluation of the performance and emissions.

• Research Article
• Open Access
• Abdul Wahid

This study aims to analyze and present the latest developments in managing larvae-based organic waste Hermetia illucens (Maggot BSF) within a circular economy framework. Using bibliometric analysis methods with data from Scopus for 2019- 2024 with 254 journal publications, this study details scientific publication trends.

• Research Article
• Open Access
• Ramazan ali dianati tilaki

Physico-chemical methods for removing low concentration dispersed Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons (TPH) from water are not cost-effective. The aim of this study was to remove TPH from water by combined cultivation of Azolla and bacteria.

• Research Article
• Open Access
• Fathima Safeeya

The Board of Investment (BOI) is a prime investment facilitation agency in Sri Lanka established in 1978, under the Greater Colombo Economics Commission to stimulate the Foreign Direct Investment (FDI).

• Research Article
• Open Access
• Abolfazl Delashoob

This study investigates the efficacy of a modified Upflow Sludge Blanket Filtration (USBF) system in the biological removal of nitrogen and phosphorus from saline wastewater generated by refineries. In this research, the experimental design was conducted utilizing two retention times of 12 and 24 hours, two nitrogen concentrations of 200 and 400 mg/l, a single phosphorus concentration of 20 mg/l, three levels of Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) at 800, 1000, and 1200 mg/l, and three salt concentrations of 10, 12, and 20 g/l.

• Research Article
• Open Access
• Yane Ansanay

This study aims to develop sago starch-based bioplastics with the addition of modifying agents such as acetic acid, chitosan, and glycerin to improve mechanical properties, elongation, and biodegradability.

• Research Article
• Open Access
• Thang Dam

To address the excessive accumulation of plastic waste and incineration ash from domestic refuse, this study explores their use in tile manufacturing. The goal is to optimize manufacturing conditions—mixing temperature.

• Research Article
• Open Access
• A. Abdelraouf Moustafa

Over the past two decades, wild vegetation in the Egyptian desert has faced significant threats, including the loss of palatable species, a decline in tree populations, and shifts in vegetation composition. The main drivers of these changes include deforestation for fuelwood, overharvesting of medicinal plants, large-scale development projects, and overgrazing.

• Research Article
• Open Access
• Muhammad Sontang Sihotang

The coastal area of Sebatik Island (Pulau), located at the Indonesia-Malaysia border, faces significant challenges in waste management due to high levels of domestic activities, fisheries, and cross-border trade. The current waste management policies do not specifically address the coastal areas, which are now facing poverty and are geographically isolated from government centers.

• Research Article
• Open Access
• Natthawat Wisaiprom

Solar power generation system has been erected at KMUTT. Learning Exchange Building (LX Building) has solar panels that can generate 40 kW of electricity, which may be utilized inside the structure. In terms of conservation and energy efficiency the LX Building is regarded as a green prototype.

• Case Study
• Open Access
• Maryam Mohammadrezaei

This study presents a comprehensive comparison of three widely utilized remote-sensing-based drought indices: the Temperature Condition Index (TCI), Vegetation Condition Index (VCI), and Vegetation Health Index (VHI).

• Research Article
• Open Access
• Shashini Yapa

The scope of industrialization and energy usage requires efficient and environmentally friendly energy generation techniques to reduce the effects of energy production on the environment.

• Research Article
• Open Access
• Ghaith Jihad

The field of medical science has begun to acknowledge the potential importance of nanotechnology, particularly in the development of innovative applications related to the treatment of infections.

• Editorial
• Open Access
• Surendra Singh

The tension between economic development and environmental conservation is not unique to India, but the scale of projects undertaken in the country has drawn significant attention. India, one of the fastest-growing economies, requires improved infrastructure, energy projects, and urban expansions to meet the demands of its population and global market competitiveness.

• Research Article
• Open Access
• Najm Ullah

China, as the planet’s greatest carbon polluter, assumes a pivotal responsibility in the global combat against climate alteration. This analysis conducts an exhaustive quantitative examination of China’s carbon reduction programs starting in 2010 extending till 2023, including pivotal initiatives like the Emissions Trading System (ETS), improvements in energy productivity, and investments in renewable sources.

• Research Article
• Open Access
• Zhongsheng Guo

Water and soil resources is the important resources of the national high-quality development. Water and soil loss affects the distribution and the productivity of forest, grass and crops, and ultimately the quality of life and high-quality sustainable development.

• Research Article
• Open Access
• Jehona Kolgeci

Individuals with numerical abnormalities in the X and Y chromosomes are ideal candidates for studying the impact of these chromosomes on the development of specific dermatoglyphic characteristics in humans.

• Research Article
• Open Access
• Shaobo Guo

In recent years, the widespread use of antibiotics has led to the emergence of numerous drug-resistant bacteria, posing a severe threat to both human health and the economy. As a result, it is imperative to develop efficient antibacterial agents that do not induce drug resistance.

• Research Article
• Open Access
• Łukasz Szklarski

The Generic Open Soldier System Reference Architecture (GOSSRA) project represents a significant step forward in the evolution of Dismounted Soldier Systems (DSS).

• Research Article
• Open Access
• Mohammad Hosein Fatemi

Ecotoxicological classification risk index for soil (ECRIS), is a new classification system specific for soil risk assessment, which gives a comparative indication of the risk linked to environmental contamination by any chemical.

• Research Article
• Open Access
• Achenafi Teklay

Accurate and reliable rainfall information is crucial for regional water resource management, particularly in developing countries like Ethiopia. Unfortunately, Ethiopia faces challenges with sparse and inconsistent rainfall measurements, as well as a lack of updated data.

• Case Report
• Open Access
• CHRIS D CRAIG

More than just literacy and numeracy abilities are necessary to thrive in the modern world (Bourn, 2018; Care et al., 2016; Lai & Viering, 2012).Indeed, according to Care et al. (2016), essential 21st-century talents include creativity, communication, critical thinking, and problem-solving

• Case Report
• Open Access
• Nilutpal Mahanta

Birds perform several crucial ecological tasks, including pollination, seed distribution, pest management, and nutrient dynamics. They are also excellent indicators of the health of an ecosystem in a landscape.

• Case Report
• Open Access
• Sonali S. Patil

In the current study, a novel analytical reagent called 2, 4-dimethyl-3H-1, 5-benzodiazepine (DBA) is developed for extractive spectrophotometric analysis to determine the amount of rhodium (III) in an alloy mixture.

• Case Report
• Open Access
• Sudhan Gautam

Coffee is a major plantation cash crop of hills of Nepal. Gulmi is one of the popular districts for coffee production and export in Nepal. This research is an attempt to assess the production potentiality and profitability of coffee in Gulmi district.

• Case Report
• Open Access
• Dipesh Giri1

From March 2021 to July 2021, an experiment on the impact of various nitrogen levels on the production and yield characteristics of various rice cultivars was done at Kanchanpur, Nepal.